HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Stoicism, Ancient Greek Philosophy, Epicureanism
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I.Republic to Empire
A. The Punic Wars
1. The First Punic War (264-241 B.C.E.)
a. Roman fear of Carthaginian expansion
b. Carthage cedes Sicily to Rome
c. Rome seizes Corsica and Sardinia
2. The Second Punic War (218-202 B.C.E.)
. Carthaginian expansion in Spain
a. Rome declares war
b. Role of Hannibal (247-182 B.C.E.)
c. The victory of Scipio Africanus
d. Carthage abandons all territory save Carthage
3. The Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.E.)
. "Carthage must be destroyed"
a. Romans massacre Carthaginians
B. Territorial expansion
1. Increase in Roman territory (Sicily, North Africa, and Spain)
2. Policy of westward expansion
3. Greece and Macedon become Roman provinces (146 B.C.E.)
II. Consequences of Imperialism
. Transformations
1. New wealth poured into Rome
2. Increasing social and economic inequality
3. Small farmers left the land for the cities; difficult to manage
careers as soldiers and farmers
A. Economic and social changes
1. Slavery
. Increase in slave population
a. Two hundred thousand Greek and Carthaginian slaves
by end of second century B.C.E.
b. Slaves used as agricultural laborers
c. Dependence on slave labor inhibits industrialization
and technological initiative
d. Slave labor not just physical—includes technical and
professional jobs
e. Almost no reason for paid labor at all
f. Notion of "bread and circuses" to keep people
entertained
2. Equestrians made contact with Eastern markets
. Operated mines, built roads, collected taxes, principal
moneylenders
a. Enormous appetite for foreign luxury goods
B. Change in values
1. Introduction of "free marriage"
2. New rules for divorce
3. Wives gained greater legal independence
4. Upper-class Romans adopted Greek customs
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