HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Theogony, Lyric Poetry, Tyrant
30 May 2018
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Chapter 3 – The Civilization of Greece, 1000-400 B.C.E.
I.Introduction
A. The image of the ancient Greek world
B. Near Eastern influences
C. Western ideas/Western values
II. The Dark Age of Greece (1150-800 B.C.E.)
. The Dark Age
1. Mycenaean decline
2. Dorian invasion
3. Depopulation
4. The Greeks and their gods
5. The idea of hubris
A. Homer and the heroic tradition
1. The importance of renewed trade
2. The aristoi—the best men
3. The heroic ideal
4. The Iliad and the Odyssey
a. First "sung" as part of an oral tradition
b. Finally written down around 800 B.C.E.
5. Competition, status, and the warrior-elite
6. Hero cults
B. Foreign contacts and the rise of the polis
1. Phoenician influence
. alphabet
a. seafaring
2. Rapid population growth
3. The polis (city-state)
. The asty—the urban community
a. The khora—the land
b. Synoikismos—bringing together of dwellings
III. Archaic Greece (800-480 B.C.E.)
. "Age of Experiment"—a new dynamism
A. Colonization and Panhellenism
1. Expansion of the Greek world (Magna Graecia)—new contacts and trade
2. A new awareness of common culture and outlook—Hellenes
3. Panhellenism
. Oracle of Delphi
a. Games at Olympia (776 B.C.E.).
b. Dating events by "olympiads"
B. Hoplite warfare
1. Common foot soldiers supporting aristocratic warriors
2. Carried spears of short swords and the large round shield (hopla)
3. The phalanx
4. Formation of a "hoplite class"
. Every polis needed a hoplite force
a. Ranks filled by farmers who could afford armor
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