CH 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 45: Limiting Reagent, Chemical Equation, Reagent

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sapphirealpaca391

16 Jan 2017

School

University of Alabama

Department

Chemistry

Course

CH 101

Professor

Diana Leung

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Document Summary

Chemistry chapter 8 outline: physical change: a change that alters the state or appearance of a substance but not its chemical composition. Chemical change: a change that alters the molecular composition of a substance: chemical reactions: a process by which one or more substances are converted to one or more different substances. Chemical equation: a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction; a balanced equation contains equal numbers of the atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. Reactant: a starting substance in a chemical reaction; reactants appear on the left-hand side of a chemical equation. Products: a substance produced in a chemical reaction; products appear on the right- hand side of a chemical equation. Phases: phases are the states that each of the reactants and products are in gas (g), liquid (l), solid (s), and aqueous, water solution, (aq)

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Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning objectives To observe physical and chemical properties associated with chemical changes To be able to give evidence for the occurrence of a chemical reaction To write a balanced chemical equation To identify areaction as a combination, decomposition, precipitation, single or double replacement, or combustion reaction ntroduction When a substance undergoes a physical change, it changes its appearance but not its composition. For example, when ice melts to form water, it undergoes a physical change from solid to liquid. In a chemical change, the composition of a substance is changed to give a new substance with different physical and chemical properties. For example, when silver tarnishes, the shiny silver (Ag) changes to a dull gray silver sulfide (AgaS). Not only has the chemical formula changed from Ag to Agus, but also the physical properties (shininess) of the substance have changed. Some examples of physical and chemical changes are listed in Table 1 below. Table 1. Comparison of Physical and Chemical Changes Examples of Physical changes Examples and Evidence of Chemical Changes Change in state (melting, freezing, evaporating Formation of a gas (bubbles) subliming) Formation of a solid (precipitate) Change in size Tearing Change in Color Heat is given off or absorbed A solid dissolving in a solvent In a chemical reaction, atoms in the reactants are rearranged to produce new combinations of atoms in the products. However, the total number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the total number of atoms in the products. This is true according to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that the total mass remains constant during a chemical reaction. In other words, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. In a chemical equation, the reactants are shown on the left and the products are on the right. An arrow in between indicates that a chemical reaction occurs. Finally, the physical state of each compound is designated in parentheses after the chemical formula. Solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous (dissolved in water) are shown as(s,(n,(g), and (aq), respectively.

1#Which substances are acids and what is the evidence? 2. Which substances are bases and what is the evidence? 3. ##Which substances are neutral and what is the evidence? 4. ##Nazco3 and KaPOM are expected to form basic solutions. Write a reaction showing how either Coa or POd reacts with water to form hydroxide ions. 5.## Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction between HCl and one of the elements or compounds in part B that tested as a base. Be sure to include the states of reactants and products. 6.HH Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaoH and one of the compounds in part B that tested as an acid. Be sure to include the states of reactants and products

Why must chemical equations be balanced?

Choose all that apply.

	In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict whether the given reaction is possible or not.
	In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict whether the reaction requires a catalyst or not.
	In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict the amount of product that can form from a given amount of reactant.
	In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict how much of one reactant is required to react with a given amount of another.
	In a balanced chemical equation, the coefficients in front of each reactant and product allow us to predict how much reactants are required to form a given amount of products.

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CH 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 45: Limiting Reagent, Chemical Equation, Reagent

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