3100:201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Somatic Nervous System, Enteric Nervous System, Axon Hillock
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QUESTION 1
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
As the stick pierces the skin, which of the following will not happen?
a. | The stick goes through a layer of connective tissue | |
b. | The stick goes through a layer of epithelial tissue | |
c. | The stick will damage collagen fibers | |
d. | The stick will go through a layer of connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and damage collagen fibers. All of the listed events will happen. |
QUESTION 2
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick pierced your crural region. Which bone could be damaged?
a. | Femur | |
b. | Humerus | |
c. | Clavicle | |
d. | Tibia |
QUESTION 3
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What immediate impact will blood loss have on blood pressure?
a. | Blood pressure will increase. | |
b. | Blood pressure will decrease. | |
c. | Blood pressure will stay the same. |
QUESTION 4
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Which division of your autonomic motor system would be activated in this situation?
a. | Visceral | |
b. | Sympathetic | |
c. | Parasympathetic | |
d. | Somatic |
QUESTION 5
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
You are obviously feeling a lot of pain. This is an example of a function of your:
a. | Visceral sensory nervous system | |
b. | Somatic sensory nervous system | |
c. | Autonomic sensory nervous system | |
d. | Parasympathetic motor nervous system. |
QUESTION 6
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What will be the most immediate effector response (the first few seconds after the event)?
a. | Increase in kidney filtration rate | |
b. | Increase in venous return | |
c. | Increase in vasoconstriction of your arterioles | |
d. | Decrease in cardiac output |
QUESTION 7
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Since you have damaged a blood vessel, you must stop the blood loss. Which of the following is a process to stop this type of blood loss?
a. | Hemopoiesis | |
b. | Hemostasis | |
c. | Agglutination | |
d. | Refurberation |
QUESTION 8
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What is the second stage in the process of preventing blood loss?
a. | Platelet plug formation | |
b. | Fibrination | |
c. | Coagulation | |
d. | Capillary spasm |
QUESTION 9
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Since you have lost blood, you have also lost the proteins in the blood such as fibrinogen and albumin. How will these proteins be replaced?
a. | You must ingest them in their final form | |
b. | The spleen will make them | |
c. | The liver will make them | |
d. | The immune cells will make them |
QUESTION 10
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Red blood cells need to be replaced as well. How will this be accomplished?
a. | Current red blood cells will divide by mitosis | |
b. | White blood cells will divide by mitosis and the new cells will turn red | |
c. | The spleen will make new red blood cells | |
d. | The red bone marrow will make new blood cells |
QUESTION 11
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
When blood is lost, blood pressure decreases. Which hormone(s) would you expect to be released by this stimulus?
a. | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | |
b. | Angiotensin II | |
c. | Epinephrine | |
d. | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Angiotensin II, and Epinephrine. |
QUESTION 12
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Which of the following will actually make blood pressure decrease further?
a. | Increase cardiac contractility (and increase cardiac output) | |
b. | Increase vasoconstriction | |
c. | Increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | |
d. | Increase heartrate |
QUESTION 13
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract would
a. | Increase | |
b. | Decrease |
QUESTION 14
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
You would find that the pH of the blood has decreased. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
a. | Cells are not receiving enough oxygen, have switched to anaerobic respiration, and are producing lactic acid. | |
b. | Platelets are trying to stop blood loss and they release H+ as part of the coagulation process | |
c. | The blood lose stimulates the stomach to release H+ into the blood and HCO3- into the stomach lumen | |
d. | You are hyperventilating and exhaling additional CO2 |
QUESTION 15
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Urine production would
a. | Increase | |
b. | Decrease |
QUESTION 16
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick was covered in bacteria. Which immune system cells (of the innate immune system) would be the first to respond to the site of damage?
a. | Lymphocytes | |
b. | Neutrophils | |
c. | Cytotoxic T-cells | |
d. | Plasma cells |
QUESTION 17
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick pierces the crural region. What muscle could this damage?
a. | Biceps femoris | |
b. | Serratus anterior | |
c. | Orbicularis oris | |
d. | Gastrocnemius |
QUESTION 18
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
After you get home from your ordeal, you notice there is swelling around the injury site. Eventually, fluid from the tissue will be directly picked up by the [blank].
a. | Immune cells | |
b. | Lymphatic system | |
c. | Arteries | |
d. | Small intestine |