PHL 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Modus Tollens, Modus Ponens, Tacit Assumption
26 Sep 2020
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Classical reasoning: implicit assumption of the classical model because we are reasoning about classes or categories, given some statements what statements are valid and what are not not generalizing we are trying to draw exclusive conclusions. Categorical reasoning: about a whole class or category. Given some statements, what conclusion are valid and what are not: universal affirmative. Universal applies to everything, affirmative in a positive way. All a are b true in one direction and expressed in 2 ways (in first case not all b are a: particular affirmative. Some means at least 1 possibly all \ Each statement can be positive or negative: a, not a, b, not b. 2 valid forms and 2 non valid forms. An invalid form if the cat is hungry she will eat her food: she will eat her food therefore, she is hungry.
