PHL 131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Logical Reasoning, Net.
8 Jun 2020
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Ampliative arguments: arguments that go beyond what is deductively implied by the premises. Cogency: when an invalid argument gives you some good reasons for believing a claim. Inductive arguments: they are strictly deductively invalid, being ampliative and are sensitive to subsequent information that may be added. Enumerative argument: an argument based on counting off specific observed cases, then drawing an inference about one or more unobserved cases: specific to general example: josh"s first shot goes in the net. Therefore, all of josh"s shots will go in the net: general to specific example: All potatoes i have picked up have been hot. Therefore, the next potato that i pick up will be hot. Since new information might undermine good reasons we previously had for a claim, whether it is reasonable to believe something depend on our total state of information. A belief is credible if your total state of information counts as reason to believe it.
