BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Extracellular Fluid, Iodine, Osmosis
3 Mar 2020
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Osmotic balances - affect water balance and blood pressure as a result of water retention. Especially na+ (topics 4, 10 and 11) Na+, k+, ca2+ (topic 2, a&p i) Minerals are also important to osmotic balances. Although sodium moves readily between plasma and interstitial fluid, it must be actively moved across cells for absorption from the digestive tract and reabsorption in the kidney. This active movement of sodium affects water movement (osmosis) and influences blood pressure. Sodium, potassium and calcium are essential to action potentials that travel as impulses. Sodium and calcium cause depolarization; potassium is responsible for repolarization and hyperpolarization . Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones. Calcium ions (clotting factor iv) are essential to many of the reactions that occur during coagulation. Phosphorus (in the form of phosphate) is essential to energy transfers within the cell and can be used to change the activity of proteins within the cell.
