BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Hyperaemia, Vascular Permeability, Mast Cell
1 Mar 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Cardinal signs of local inflammation: redness (rubor, heat (calor, swelling (tumor, pain (dolor, loss of function. Pain, the 4th cardinal sign, is caused by some of the chemicals associated with inflammation (e. g. , prostaglandins) and by stimulation of nociceptors by swelling of the tissue. Pain and swelling often lead to loss of function of the area served. Histamine is secreted by basophils and mast cells when they are activated. Kinins are secreted by damaged tissue cells. They stimulate chemotaxis to attract leukocytes to the damaged area and they stimulate pain receptors. Both histamine and kinins stimulate vascular responses (vasodilation and increased capillary permeability). Complement enhances inflammation in addition to its other roles in responding to infection. Prostaglandins (derived from fatty acid molecules) are secreted by damaged tissue cells and by mast cells. They sensitize blood vessels to other inflammatory chemicals thereby enhancing inflammation. Cytokines (e. g. , leukotrienes) are proteins released by various leukocytes and tissue cells.
