KHP 1139 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sinus Rhythm, Ductus Arteriosus, Tricuspid Valve

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sangriakoala650

20 Nov 2017

School

Troy University

Department

Kinesology And Health Promotion

Course

KHP 1139

Professor

Gardner

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Document Summary

Physiology of the cardiovascular system blood ow, structures. Blood ow through the heart: right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta. 1. the sinoatrial (sa) node res a stimulus across the walls of both left and right atria causing them to contract. Table 51-2: factors related to cardiac output cardiac output (co) - amount of blood elected from the heart each minute; co = sv x. Hr stroke volume (sv) - amount of blood elected from the heart with each beat. Heart rate (hr) - number of beats each minute. Contractility - inotropic state of the myocardium, strength of contraction. Preload - left ventricular end diastolic volume, stretch of the myocardium. Afterload - resistance against which the heart must pump. Factors that influence cardiac output: heart rate preload - degree of stretch of cardiac muscle before contraction.

Related Questions

1) The external layer of the heart wall is the

Multiple Choice

endocardium.

myocardium.

epicardium.

parietal pericardium.

2) Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Check All That Apply

Cells are long and cylindrical.

Cells are short and branching.

Cells have multiple nuclei at the periphery of the cell.

Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell.

They are composed of thick and thin filaments.

The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

3) Match the chamber of the heart with the structure(s) from which it receives blood.

Coronary sinus

Pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Left atrium

Match each of the options above to the items below.

Right atrium

Right atrium Open choices for matching

Right ventricle

Right ventricle Open choices for matching

Left atrium

Left atrium Open choices for matching

Left ventricle

4) The less extensive distribution of T-tubules contributes to the more delayed onset and prolonged contraction of cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue.

True or False

5) The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity.

Multiple Choice

atrioventricular (AV) node

sinoatrial (SA) node

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

Purkinje cells

6) Match the cardiac vein with its description.

Travels close to the right marginal artery

In posterior interventricular sulcus

In anterior interventricular sulcus

In the posterior portion of cornary sulcus

Match each of the options above to the items below.

Great cardiac vein

Great cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Middle cardiac vein

Middle cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Small cardiac vein

Small cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Coronary sinus

7) Parasympathetic innervation to the heart comes from the medulla oblongata via the left and right ___________ nerves.

8) Check all that are components of the sympathetic innervation of the heart.

Check All That Apply

Cervical sympathetic ganglionCervical sympathetic ganglion

Spinal cordSpinal cord

Vagus nerve (CN X)Vagus nerve (CN X)

Cardiac nerveCardiac nerve

Sympathetic postganglionic axon

9) Check all that occur during ventricular contraction.

Check All That Apply

The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria.The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria.

The semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.The semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.

The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries.The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries.

The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of bloodflow?

a. heart --> atery --> arteriole --> capillary -->vein --> venule --> heart

b. heart --> vein --> venule --> capillary -->arteriole --> artery --> heart

c. heart --> artery --> arteriole --> capillary -->venule --> vein --> heart

d. heart --> artery --> venule --> capillary -->arteriole --> vein --> heart

e. heart--> artery --> capillary --> arteriole -->venule --> vein --> heart

2. What are the functions of the elastic fibers that are foundin the walls of ateries? (there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. they allow the artery to stretch and then recoil back to itsoriginal shape as blood is forcegully pumped from the heart intothe arteries

b. they allow arteries to lengthen as the volume of blood in thearteries increase

c. they help maintain a steady blood pressure during thedifferent phases of heart contraction

d. they smooth out the walls of the arteries to preventturbulent blood flow

3. Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?(there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. help fight infections and cancer

b. allows excess interstitial fluid (fluid found between thecells in your tissues) to get dumped back into your blood

c. brings large molecules from fat digestion into thebloodstream so that they can be processed and stored

d. all of the above are functions of the lymphatic system

4. Which of the following blood vessels bring newly oxygenatedblood from the blood vessels in the lungs back to the heart so thatthe heart can pump it to the rest of the body?

Select one:

a. aorta

b. inferior vena cava

c. pulmonary vein

d. pulmonary artery

5. Which of the following mechanisms help blood fight gravity sothat, for instance, it can return from blood vessels in your feetback into your heart? (there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. breathing allows the pressure in your chest to decrease andallow blood to flow up towards your heart

b. as you walk, the skeletal muscles in your legs contract andsqueeze the veins; since veins have valves, blood flows up anddoesn't backflow back down

c. the force of blood flowing out of the heart and into thearteries pushes all of the blood along, causing blood to return tothe heart

d. precapillary sphincters open to allow blood to flow backtowards the heart

6. The tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves prevent backflow ofblood from the atria into the ventricles.

Select one:

True

False

7. The following sequence represents the correct order of bloodflow through the heart:

inferior and superior vena cava --> right atrium --> rightventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lungs --> pulmonaryvein --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta

Select one:

True

False

8. Capillaries are as wide as one red blood cell.

Select one:

True

False

9. The purpose of the coronary arteries is to bring oxygenatedblood to the walls of the heart so that the muscles in the heartwalls can contract.

Select one:

True

False

10. Vasodilation refers to the narrowing of blood vessels.

Select one:

True

False

ultramarinealligator67

Case History- An 11-month old Boy who's blue and short of breath

Chief Complaint: An 11-month old boy brought to the pediatric clinic with difficulty breathing.

History: Austin Green, an 11-month old Caucasian boy was brought by his foster parents to the Pediatric clinic with comnplaint of dyspnea (i.e difficulty breathing) and fatigue. These episodes last for several minutes, occur daily, and happen most copmmonly during exertion (i.e exercise). Austin spent the first 9 months of his life with hisbiological parents, but recent social problems have necessitated that he receive foster care.His foster parents have had him for the past month, and they have note that these "breathing spells" have become more frequent and severe over period of time. They also note that Austinb's shortness of breath diminishes somewhat if he lies down. Interestingly, he frequently assumes a squatting position during these episodes, and this seems to reduce hsi symptoms as well. His foster parents report that Austin has had no nausea, vomiting, change in appetie, or change in bowel or bladder habits. He is currently on no medications and no known allergies. There is no medical information available about any othefr member of Austin's biological family.

Lab. test results:

Hematocrit 43% normal (37-47%)

Hemoglobin 14mg/dl (normal 12-16ml/dl)

PH =7.21 (normal range=7.35 to 7.45)

[HCO^-3]=18meq/L (normal range=22 to 26 me=Eq/L)

1. The cardiologist ordered X-ray that showed decreased blood flow to the lungs. A follow-up echocardiogram revealed the following abnormalities in Austin's heart. (A) a narrowing of pulmonic valve, (B) a thickening of right ventriclewall, (C) a ventricular septal hole allowing direct exchange of blood between the right and the left ventricles, (D) an aorta that was shifted in position so that it was over-riding the right venbtricl, allowing it to recieve blood from both the left and the right ventricle.

What is the name of Austin's condition?

2. What is specifically causing the heart murmur?

3. Why did the chest X-ray show freduced pulmonary blood flow?

4. Austin has a thickening right ventriclewall. what type of hypertropy is this?

Why does Austin have this particular type of ventricular hypertrophy? BE SPECIFIC

5. Why di Austin's EGG show a right-shufted ventricular depolarization axis?

6. Which way will blood typically flow through Austin's ventricular septal defect(i.e from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, or vice versa? explain your answer in detail

7. Why is Austin cyanotic? BE SPECIFIC

8. Why does supplemental oxygen therapy did not correct Austin's cyanosis? BE SPECIFIC

9. How might the squatting position help relieve Auatin's dyspnea?

10. Why is Austin's...

(a) arterial pCO2 higher than normal?

(b). arterial [HCO^-3] lower than normal?

(c). arterial PH lower than normal?

11. Describe treatments for Austin's condition?

KHP 1139 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sinus Rhythm, Ductus Arteriosus, Tricuspid Valve

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