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CHE K121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Plum Pudding Model, Robert Andrews Millikan, Mass Spectrometry

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fuchsiabeaver131

10 Sep 2018

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Chapter 2: three main laws, law of conservation of mass, mass of products = mass of reactants, law of constant composition, compounds always contain the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms, law of multiple proportions. Monday, september 10, 2018: alpha particles , beta particles , y rays, madam curie - radioactivity and the discovery of 2 elements, boyle - scienti c method, lavoisier - quantitative nature of chem, berzelius - composition of many compounds. Atomic mass unit (amu or u: de ned as # 12c atom: atomic weight measurement is measured using a mass spectrometer one atom of # : x - chem symbol; z - atomic no. (protons); a - mass no. Z x (protons+neutrons: carbon has two stable isotopes: a) 6 c (1) the z value can"t change and remain the same element: cl - two stable isotopes.

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Related Questions

rubykangaroo933

Predict the charge that an aluminum ion would have.

Terms in this set (26)

example of the law of multiple proportions

Two different compounds formed from carbon and oxygen have the following mass ratios:

1.33 g O: 1 g C and 2.66 g O: 1 g C.

2) Which of the following statements is FALSE according to Dalton's Atomic Theory?

A) Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds.

B) All atoms of chlorine have identical properties that distinguish them from other elements.

C) One carbon atom will combine with one oxygen atom to form a molecule of carbon monoxide.

D) Atoms of sodium do not change into another element during chemical reaction with chlorine.

E) An atom of nitrogen can be broken down into smaller particles that will still have the unique properties of nitrogen.

The mass number is equal to

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons

a subatomic particle is

A neutral atom contains the same number of protons and electrons

true statement about isotopes

Some elements have 3 or more naturally occurring isotopes

Identify a cation

An atom that has lost an electron

What species is represented by the following information?

p+ = 12 n° = 14 e- = 10

What species is represented by the following information?

p+ = 47 n° = 62 e- = 46

What species is represented by the following information?

p+ = 17 n° = 18 e- = 18

Predict the charge that an aluminum ion would have

Predict the charge that a calcium ion would have

Predict the charge that an ion formed from sulfur would have

Science Tutor: Chemistry Name: Mixtures, Solutions, &Compounds: Chemical Equations Date Chemical Equations If a chemical symbol can be thought of as a letter and a chemical formula as a word in the language of chemistry, then a chemical equation is a statement or sentence. A chemical equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction between two or more substances. A "+ sign means "combines with." An arrow points away from the reactants and toward the products (See page 10), and an arrow means "yields." 2Na + Cl2 â 2NaCl means sodium combines with chlorine to yield sodiumn chloride (salt) Look closely at the equation above. Notice the "2" in front of NaCI on the right and Na on the left. That 2, called a coefficient, is necessary to make this equation balance. Remember Antoine Lavoisier? (Page 15) Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The same number of each kind of atom must be on both sides of a chemical equation. Because chlorine only exists as a molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms, it requires two atoms of sodium to yield two molecules of salt (NaCI). This illustrates another important law stated clearly by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Proust in 1799. Chemical compounds always combine in certain specific fixed proportions. Wherever sodium and chlorine combine, two atoms of sodium will be necessary to react with one molecule of gaseous chlorine. 1 . For the equation 2Mg + O2â 2MgO + energy: A. List the reactant or reactants 2Hato B. List the product or products C. How many atoms of magnesium does it take to combine with one molecule of oxygen? D. How many molecules of magnesium oxide are produced in this reaction? 2. Hydrogen can combine with oxygen to produce water. We could write the equation like this: H2 + O2 â H2O. But this equation is unbalanced! Rewrite this equation with the correct coefficients so that an atom of oxygen doesn't disappear! (Be careful. If you add a coefficient to one side you may have to adjust the other. Count all the atoms.) 3. Now that you have the idea, balance the following equations: A, Pho, â PbO + 02 C. Ca + H2O â Ca(OH)2 + H2 How is following a recipe to mix up a batch of biscuits (or any other food item) similar to Proust's law for chemical reactions? 4. OMark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 17