PSY 335 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Quantitative Trait Locus, Chromosome Abnormality, Allosome
16 Mar 2016
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Document Summary
Genome (complete set of genes) showed that humans had 21,000 genes and that most of them are possessed by all living things. Only ~2% of human genome is genes; the rest play a role in influencing genetic transmission by regulating the activity of protein-coding genes. Individuals have about 99% of the same genes: mutations (random, spontaneous errors) and random assortment (crossing over) Polygenic inheritance: several different genes contribute to any given phenotypic outcome. Over 5,000 human diseases and disorders are presently known to have genetic origins. Recessive: pku (c12), sickle-cell anemia (presence of hemoglobin s), tay-sachs disease, cystic fibrosis (both parents must be carriers) Single dominant gene: huntington"s disease, neurofibromatosis (1 parent carrier) Polygenic inheritance: cancer, heart disease, asthma, psychiatric disorders, autism. Sex-linked inheritance: male-pattern baldness, red-green color blindness, hemophilia, duchenne muscular dystrophy, fragile-x syndrome. Chromosomal anomalies: down syndrome (trisomy 21), kleinfelter syndrome (xxy), turner syndrome (xo)
