B FOR 204 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Internet Protocol Suite, Network Layer
2 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BFOR 204 – Spring 2018
Computer Networking
Local Area Networks (LANs)
• Network access is controlled by a network administrator.
• Users can access software, data, and peripherals.
• LANs require special hardware and software.
• Computers connected to a LAN are called workstations or nodes.
• Types of LANs:
o Peer-to-peer
o Client-server
LAN Hardware and Software
Networking Hardware
• Network interface card (NIC) – Provides the connection between the computer and
the network
• Inserted into a computer’s expansion slot
Networking Software
• Operating system that supports networking (Unix, Linux, Windows, Mac OS)
• Additional system software
Peer-to-Peer Networks
• All computers on the network are treated as equal.
• There are no file servers.
• Users decide which files and peripherals to share.
• Peer-to peer is not suited for networks with many computers.
• However, it is easy to set up.
• Example: home networks
Client Server Networks
• Typical corporate networks are client-server.
• Client-server requires various topologies or physical layouts.
• The network requires file servers, networked computers (clients), and a network
operating system (NOS).
• Clients send requests to servers for programs and data, and to access peripherals.
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
• WANs are similar to long-distance telephone systems.
• They have a local access number called a point of presence (POP).
• They contain long-distance trunk lines called backbones.
• Backbones, high-capacity transmission lines, are regional, continental, or
transcontinental.
• Internet backbones can carry 100s of gigabits of data per second.
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