Solutions can involve all physical states (gas, solid, liquid) Real world: most solutions in medicine and agriculture occur in aqueous solutions. A solution in a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. Solvent substance present in the greatest quantity. Solutes substances dissolved in the solvent. Concentration (amount of solute)/ (amount of solution) Ppm (parts per million) = (grams of solute)/ (10^6 grams of solution) Molarity moles of solute per liter of solution. M = ((grams of solute)/ (molar mass of solute))/ liter of solution. Stock solution: concentrated solution (aka has a high solute-to-solvent ratio) Dilution: preparation of dilute solution (aka low solute-to-solvent ratio) by adding solvent to a given volume of stock solution. Lecture 11 & 12: electrolytes; acid-base reactions; precipitation. Soluble cations: group 1 ions (alkali metals) and nh4. Soluble anions: no3 and ch3coo (acetate, halides (group 17) Exceptions: ag, cu, pb, hg2: sulfates (so4) Combining anions/cations not listed above will result in formation of an insoluble compound.