BIOL 031 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Germ Layer, Organogenesis, Gastrulation
4 Apr 2019
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Lecture 15: animal development and tissue form and function. What happens during animal development: fertilization, cleavage = species specific, gastrulation = gives rise to germ layers and embryological origin of mouth and anus, organogenesis. Tremendous diversity of animal forms: locomotion distinguishes animals from plants, animal form must address physical demands, body size is often constrained by the environment and physics of medium (air or water) Exchange with environment: an animal"s size and shape directly affect how it exchanges energy and materials with its surroundings, exchange occurs as substances dissolved in the aqueous medium diffuse and are transported across the cells" plasma membranes. Muscle size and shape change with exercise. Fat cells (grow and shrink with weight gain) Organelles and molecules -> cells -> organs -> organ systems -> whole animal. Digestive system: most animals process food in specialized compartments, these compartments reduce risk of self-digestion.
