BIOL 110-111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Lipid Bilayer, Electrochemical Gradient, Facilitated Diffusion
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22 Sep 2016
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Plasma membrane the barrier that surrounds and contains cytoplasm. Made up of a phospholipid bilayer: the plasma membrane is 75% phospholipids, 20% cholesterol, and 5% glycoproteins, head of phospholipid is hydrophilic, tail of phospholipid is hydrophobic. Proteins can have a variety of functions for the cell membrane. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable: some things can cross the membrane while others cannot. Polar molecules and ions and large molecules such as glucose cannot pass through the membrane. Nonpolar molecules such as lipids can pass through. Concentration/chemical gradient is different concentrations of a chemical on the inside and outside of the membrane. Electrical gradient is a difference in electrical charge between two regions. Electrochemical gradient is combination of the concentration and electrical gradient. The tonicity of a solution refers to how the solution influences the shape of body cells. An isotonic solution is when both the extracellular fluid and the cell has the same solvent/solute concentration.
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