01:920:108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Islam In The United States, White Ethnic
16 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Minority Group: Muslims
1.
3rd largest religion group in U.S.--> about 3.5 million Muslims in the U.S.
2.
1.1% of U.S. total population
3.
Contact situation→argue that they came to U.S. before Columbus→every 5th or even 3rd African slave brought to U.S. was Muslim→forced to convert
1.
1918-1922→relative of 1st Arabs that came→some from urban areas
2.
Act of 1924→favored Western part of Europe→separated early Arabs from their homelands
1.
1st→1875-WWII (mostly Arabs included)--> uneducated, rural Arab young males, from Syria (Ottoman Empire)
2.
2nd→WWII-1965→Arabs from other Muslim areas→mostly refugees who came to seek better opportunities
3.
3rd→Post 1965→(response of 1965 act which allowed more immigrants to come)--> highly educated and skills worked
4.
Waves of Muslim Migration
1.
Not seen as part of triad in U.S.
1.
Believed Mohammed created the religion
2.
Mohammadism→originally called this term instead of Islam
3.
Connected to orientalism→divide into orients (the rest of the world)
4.
Linked to tribe or prophet in the religion
5.
Islam
1.
FBI Data (1980-2005)--> terrorist acts in U.S.--> total of 318 terrorist acts (Muslims-5.3%--> least group that committed these acts compared to other
religious groups)
1.
Consider Muslims to be terrorists
1.
Focus on attempting to “liberating” Muslim women
2.
Data→Muslim American women are one of the most highly educated religious groups and better educated than U.S. general population and
compared to any other religions in U.S.
3.
Muslim women report monthly household incomes similar to those of their male counterparts
2.
Muslim women are oppressed
1.
Arabs-only 12% of Muslim Americans and of world’s Muslim population
2.
2000-93% of mosques were ethnically diverse
3.
Muslim Americans are most racially diverse religious group
3.
All Muslims are Arabs and all Arabs are Muslims
6.
Common misconceptions about Muslims
7.
Diversity is ignored and the group is considered homogeneous
1.
53% of Americans believe that Muslims are subject to more discrimination than Jews, evangelical Christians, atheists, Mormons, Hispanics, and African
Americans
8.
Discrimination→almost half of Muslim Americans (48%) reported experiencing racial or religious discrimination
9.
Problem→discrimination against Muslim Americans is well documented, but studies have not explored sources of heterogeneity in Muslim Americans’
experiences of perceived discrimination
1.
Perceived discrimination recorded to be lower among Hispanic and Asian American groups than African Americans
1.
African Americans relative to whites
1.
Several important aspects have been overlooked
1.
Not all attitudes turn to discrimination though
2.
Focus on attitudes toward Muslim Americans
3.
Relationship btw perceived discrimination and self-reported psychological distress and coping
2.
Discrimination against Muslim Americans
10.
Background→perceived discrimination among minority groups
1.
Muslim’s own perceptions are neglected, non-rep samples
2.
Sources of heterogeneity are not explored
11.
Limitations
1.
1,033 adult Muslim Americans 18 yrs and older
2.
Hispanic-Muslims was not an answer choice in 2007
3.
Outcome→White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, Mixed/Other
1.
Called offensive names (significant differences among racial groups)
2.
More Hispanic and mixed race Muslims perceived discrimination (highest among their groups) compared to other groups
3.
Larger proportion of Hispanic Muslims are physically threatened or attacked
4.
Prevalence of discrimination is highest among Hispanic Muslims and lowest among Asian Muslims
5.
Hispanic Muslims perceived discrimination higher while White Muslims perceive discrimination at lowest rate
6.
Black Muslims are more likely to be singled out by other law enforcement officers compared to White Muslims
4.
Racial/Ethnic
1.
Muslim women of Black, Asian, and White ethnic groups perceived discrimination less than White men but *Hispanic Muslims (both men and
women) perceive discrimination at higher rates than White Muslim men*
5.
Gender
6.
When socio-demographic variables are controlled, perceived discrimination persists for Hispanic Muslims
7.
Majority of White Muslims come from Middle East/North Africa (White Muslim men see dominant group as less tolerant of Muslims)
8.
Hispanic Muslims→disadvantages: is a minority group, looked down on immigrant groups and can be discriminated by their own community for living
1.
2011→Pew Religion and Public Life Survey
12.
Data
Lecture: Day 22
Monday, April 16, 2018
11:13 PM
Minority Groups in American Society Page 1
