01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Standard Deviation, Normal Distribution, Confounding

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: 01:830:101
• Professor: Professor Marvasti

Document Summary

Hindsight bias: the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (also known as the i-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. ) Critical thinking: thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. Independent variable: the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. Confounding variable: a factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment. Dependent variable: the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. Mode: the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution. Mean: the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores. Median: the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it. Range: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.