01:460:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Subduction, Asthenosphere, Isostasy
28 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Natural resources: oil- 41, natural gas- 25, coal- 23, nuclear- 9, hydroelectric- 3, all manufactured objects depend on earth"s resources and most resources are limited in quantity and non-renewable. Geological hazards: earthquake, volcanic eruptions, flood and wave erosion, and landslides. Environmental protection (water soil air: removal, transportation and waste disposal can damage the environment, diminishing resources can encourage disregard for ecological damage caused by extraction activities. Careless mining can release acids into groundwater. Gravity makes cloud shrink (starts to spin faster and flattens into disk with central bulge) Lithosphere (100 km thick: rigid/brittle outer shell of earth, composed of both crust and uppermost mantle, makes up earth"s tectonic plates . Asthenosphere: plastic (capable of flow) zone on which the lithosphere floats . Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core (liquid), inner core (solid) Mantle: upper to 410 km, low velocity layer (60-220 km, transition zone as velocity rapidly increases, lower mantle has more gradual velocity increases.
