01:146:328 Lecture 1: Human Parasitology lecture 1
16 Jan 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
World health
1. A. leading causes of death in US
a. Heart disease
b. Cancer
c. Chronic lower respiratory diseases
d. Accidents
e. Stroke
f. Alzheimer’s disease
g. Diabetes
h. Flu and pneumonia
i. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis
j. Intentional self-harm
*notice very few bacteria and viruses* (NO PARASITES)
2. Leading causes of death in underdeveloped countries
a. lower respiratory disease
b. diarrheal diseases
c. stroke
d. heart disease
e. HIV/AIDS
tuberculosis
f. Malaria
g. Preterm birth complications
h. Birth asphyxia and birth trauma
i. Road injury
Millennium development goals (MDGs)
Goal 6: (BIG 3)
a. HIV/AIDS
a. Antiretroviral meds
b. Tuberculosis
a. Antiboitoc and vaccine dev.
c. Malaria
a. Drugs for treatment/bed nets for prevention
Now we have sustainable development goals (SDGs) (17 goals)
• Ex: no poverty, no hunger, good health and well being, quality
education, life below water, peace and strong institutions.
SDGs are more specific then MDGs
MDGs are “half way goals”
SDGs are “0 goals”
Other than the big 3, most of the funding has bypassed the “other diseases” also
known as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
NTDs- a core group of 17 diseases with 4 categories
1. Helminths- “worms”
a. Worms that cause foodborne trematodiases. Caused by a group of
worms called trematodes. There are56 million people infected with
this.
b. Schistosomiases. 200 million people are infected with this disease
c. Cysticercosis/Taeuniasis which are caused by cestodes
d. Echinococosis- also caused by cestodes
e. STH-soil transmitted helminths. These are a group of nematodes. It’s
estimated that 1.5 billion people are infected with these worms.
f. Lymphatic filariasis-nematode where 900 million are infected
g. Onchocerciasis. Nematode infection with 90 million people infected
h. Dracunculiasis
2. Protozoa
a. Human African trypanosiniasis known as “sleeping sickness” 60
million people infected
b. Chagas disease which affect ~25 million
c. Leishmaniasis which affects ~350 million people
3. Bacteria
a. Buruli ulcer (a bacterial infection) which is caused by mycobacterium
ulcerans. Gets into skin and secretes mycolactone and weakens
immune system and that toxins results in lesions & tissue death. Can
lead to long term disability and death. It can be treated, but must be
treated early on and quickly.
b. Leprosy (Hansen disease) a mycobacterium leprae, which affects skin,
peripheral nervous, mucosal surfaces of upper respiratory tract and
eyes. It is NOT easily transmissible and IS curable.
c. Trachoma- which is caused by chlamydia trachomatis. Which is the
leading cause of the world’ infectious blindness. Its transmitted by
flies and contact with fomites. Fomites are inanimate objects that can
transmit disease
d. Yaws which is caused by treponema pallidum. It’s closely related to
syphilis. Yaws is transmitted by skin contact, affects skin, bone and
cartilage. As opposed to syphilis, which is sexually, transmitted.
4. Viruses
a. Dengue/severe dengue. They are characteristized by fever and
headaches. A variety of muscle and joint paints, skin rashes etc. this
characterizes dengue, but severe dengues is a hemorrhagic disease
and close to death
b. Rabies- 60,000 people die per year in regards to this. Mostly found in
Asia and Africa, it’s a super big health issue in other parts of the world.
Document Summary
World health: a. leading causes of death in us, heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, stroke, alzheimer"s disease, diabetes, flu and pneumonia, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis. *notice very few bacteria and viruses* (no parasites: leading causes of death in underdeveloped countries, lower respiratory disease, diarrheal diseases, stroke, heart disease, hiv/aids tuberculosis, malaria, preterm birth complications, birth asphyxia and birth trauma, road injury. Goal 6: (big 3: hiv/aids, antiretroviral meds, tuberculosis, antiboitoc and vaccine dev, malaria, drugs for treatment/bed nets for prevention. Now we have sustainable development goals (sdgs) (17 goals: ex: no poverty, no hunger, good health and well being, quality education, life below water, peace and strong institutions. Other than the big 3, most of the funding has bypassed the other diseases also known as neglected tropical diseases (ntds) Ntds- a core group of 17 diseases with 4 categories: helminths- worms , worms that cause foodborne trematodiases. Caused by a group of worms called trematodes.
