01:119:101 Lecture 4: Macromolecules Notes

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:101
• Professor: Professor Beal

Document Summary

Macromolecules: macromolecules = large, complex molecules; formed by thousands of atoms, all living things are made up of 4 classes of large biological molecules: a. i. These are all polymers (molecules made up of similar molecules): enzymes = speeds up chemical processes, hydrolysis = to break down with water; digestion c. i. Uses water to break down polymers, and adds water to break hydrogen bonds c. ii. Reverses the process of dehydration: dehydration reaction/synthesis = d. i. Water is removed and a new bond is formed d. iii. Regulated by a specific enzyme = dehydrogenases: carbohydrates = ch2o, monomer = sugar (monosaccharides) a. i. Sugars and the polymers of sugar fuel and build material. a. ii. 1. Their carbon skeletons serve as raw material for the synthesis of other types of small organic molecules, such as amino acids and fatty acids. a. iii. Hydrophilic = b/c of polar hydroxyl/carbonyl groups a. iv. Monosaccharides (like glucose) is a major source of nutrients for cells. a. v. 1.