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01:119:150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Circulatory System, Elastic Fiber, Blood Vessel

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School
Rutgers University
Department
Biological Science
Course
01:119:150
Professor
M.Haviland

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Document Summary

Vascular system, the heart, and the blood. Arteries : carry blood away from the heart. Drains fluid from tissues and returns it to the vascular system. Middle area: lumen; where the blood flows through. Inner layer: endothelium; creates a smooth surface so that the blood can move easily through the artery. Veins : carry blood back to the heart. Wall of the vein - same structure as arteries. No movement in and out of blood in arteries and veins. Capillaries : allow for the exchange of materials that the blood is transporting. Where the nutrients enter the tissues and the wastes exit. Only lumen and endothelial layer - one cell thick. Heart artery arteriole capillary bed venule vein heart. The largest arteries have walls made of elastic tissue and smooth muscle. Pulse : wave of blood which you can measure; artery expanding and contracting;

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Which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior?

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Orbitofrontal cortex

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Mirror neurons

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Amygdala

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All of these are correct

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

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38

Part of the explanation of long term memory is which of the following?

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Long term potentiation between neurons and muscle cells

B

Long term potentiation between neurons

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Short term translation

D

Long term transcription

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

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Homework

39

The somatic component of the peripheral nervous system has which of the following characteristics?

A

It controls the smooth muscle in the blood vessels so that blood vessels can vasoconstrict or vasodilate

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It controls the autonomic nervous system so it indirectly controls heart rate

C

It controls your skeletal muscle so you can answer this question by pushing on the keyboard

D

It controls the smooth muscle in your intestinal tract so it controls peristalsis

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

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Which of the following is NOT a part of a skeletal muscle cell?

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Motor neurons

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Nuclei

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Sarcomeres

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Actin

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Myosin

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QuestionGroup: #41 Cardio

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Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

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Veins

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Aorta

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QuestionGroup: #42 Cardio2

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Where do the electrical signals originate in your heart?

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SA node

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Internodal tracts

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His-Purkinje System

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AV node

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QuestionGroup: #43 Blood pressure

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43

There was a horrific traffic accident and you run to help the victims. You feel a pulse from his carotid artery ,however the medic comes along and gets no blood pressure as he measures it from the arm. He claims the victim is dead. You think which of the following?

A

Medic is not correct since it is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure that determines life. No heart rate only means tha the sympathetics have stopped vasoconstricting the blood vessels.

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Medic is correct since it is common to not have a blood pressure of 120/80 and no pulse due to stress as was discussed in class.

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Medic is incorrect since there is a pulse. This means the person is still alive.

D

Medic is correct since there is no blood pressure there is no life.

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QuestionGroup: #44 Blood pressure2

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Which side of the capillary bed has the higher oncotic pressure?

A

venous and lymph

B

arterial and lymph

C

lymph

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venule side

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arterial side

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QuestionGroup: #45 Capillaries

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45

If the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the interstitial space rather than the capillary, which of the following will occur?

A

(2),(3)

B

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(3) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end of the capillary

D

(2) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary

E

(1) No change in the hydrostatic pressure since this pressure is maintained regardless of external pressures.

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QuestionGroup: #46 Respiration/ ventilation

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46

The left atrium is damaged and is generating a great resistance to blood coming from pulmonary vein. What happens due to this pressure?

A

Back up of blood in the pulmonary artery which causes pulmonary capillary edema

B

Generation of back flow into the inferior vena cava

C

Generation of coronary artery edema

D

Back up of blood in the pulmonary vein which causes pulmonary capillary edema

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QuestionGroup: #47 Respiration/ventilation 2

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47

Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following?

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additional fluid in the trachea

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additional interstitial fluid

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additional surfactant

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additional capillary fluid

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additional intracellular fluid

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What is the definition of a signaling pathway?

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All the proteins in the nucleus

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All the cell molecules in the mitochondria

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A group of genes that control mitosis

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QuestionGroup: #49 Hormone/ menstruation

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49

Which hormone directly causes ovulation?

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Follicle stimulating hormone

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True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygen–hemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.