01:119:131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Atp Synthase, Tonicity, Endocytosis
Document Summary
Osmosis: the diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration. Does not utilize energy bc energetically favorable to do so. Water will always go from most concentrated to least concentrated. 100% pure water to the 1% sugar solution. Experiments that examine the effects of tonicity on osmosis (fig 4. 31) Dont have organisms growing in pure water. Hypotonic solution: concentration of water is higher outside the cell. Water is going outside of cell, shrivel up, and die. High salt or sugar content is keeping food from being contaminated with organisms (means of preservation) Active transport: carrier protein molecules aid in movement of molecules against a concentration gradient. Forcing something to go against the concentration gradient. Isotonic is the environment (salt concentration equivalent to what they are in cytoplasm) Our macrophages recognize foreign material like bacterium; literally engulfs bacterium and wrap membrane around whole organisms and pinches off into vacuole.