01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Water Vascular System, Agnatha, Acanthopterygii

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lemonyellowjacket537

21 Feb 2017

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Lecture 7: deuterostomia clade, shared derived traits. Clade shares a single ancestor that had deuterostome development. All chordates share a common ancestor: larvae vs adults, endoskeleton, water vascular system. Notochord: flexible rod that allows animals to wiggle back and forth movement. Characters of vertebrates (a clade of the phylum chordate) Backbone composed of vertebrae of bone or cartilage-replaces notochord. Basal vertebrates are hagfish and lampreys: basal vertebrates (jawless fish) Muscular limgs: for locomotion (sister group of tetrapods) Basal clade: first tetrapods-first on land: amniotes. Class reptilian: shelled eggs, scales: derived traits. Marsupials: nipples, live young, placenta but born early->maternal pouch. Eutherians: most mammals; nipples, live young, placenta, complex internal development. Opposable thumbs: shared derived traits of primates. Shared traits of primates: recent human evolutionary history. Today homo sapiens is the only living hominid but in the past many hominids lived at the same time early homo sapiens lived at same time as homo neanderthalensis likely bred together.

Related Questions

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Water Vascular System, Agnatha, Acanthopterygii

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