01:119:116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Borrelia, Marsh Gas, Chemotroph
24 Jan 2017
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Lecture 2 - prokaryotes: introduction to prokaryotes, background. Enzymes for respiration and photosynthesis: cell wall. Bacteria only - peptidoglycan reinforces cell wall structure. 2 step process stain wash to id bacteria. Does not hold violet, outer membrane of lipopolysaccharides (lps) Gram + because it has more peptidoglycan. Gram - would keep it structure because of the lps: motility. Taxis - random movement (+ vs - taxis) Bacterial/archean flagellum - differ only by proteins used. H+ and the etc - similar to the etc in respiration that drives atp synthase. A proton gradient drives the movement of a protein: reproduction. Factors promoting genetic diversity in prokaryotes: rapid reproduction & mutation. Two factors give rise to high levels of genetic diversity. That means an e. coli population has about ~9 million mutations/day in a human host. Mutation in a gene is 1 in 10 million chance: genetic recombination. Mutations are not enough to explain all of the diversity that we see.
