01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Thermodynamics, Active Transport, Covalent Bond
21 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Metabolism (8. 1-8. 4, 9. 1: metabolism - sum of all reactions and energy transformations in an organism regulated to maintain homeostasis, metabolic pathway (molecule series of steps product) A. 2. each step is catalyzed by an enzyme. Energy - capacity to do work: kinetic e. A. 2. energy in motion in cells: released when bonds are broken: potential e. B. 2. stored energy in cells: stored in covalent bonds: laws of thermodynamics. Energy can neither be created or destroyed - only converted. Every energy transfer increases entropy (s), which is the measure of disorder, usually in form of heat: entropy. D. 1. b) (d. 1. a. 1) organized energy (d. 1. a. 2) energy stored in bonds (d. 1. a. 3) Heat low entropy (s), usable energy (d. 1. b. 1) disorganized energy (d. 1. b. 2) disperses into environment (d. 1. b. 3) high entropy (s), not usable. Total energy of universe is constant, but entropy increase over time usable energy decreases. When energy is converted, some % of energy is lost as heat.
