01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Polyphyly, Paraphyly, Convergent Evolution

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: Biological Science
• Course: 01:119:115
• Professor: Daniel Stern Cardinale

Document Summary

Study of diversity of organisms and evolutionary relationships. Genus must be unique, can be used alone. Species not always unique, cannot be used alone. ~ 11,000 names still in use date to linnaeus. Each level is more inclusive than one below-> includes more species. Each group in one and only one higher group at each level. Taxonomists group organisms together based on particular characteristics. Branching diagram, represents evolutionary history of a group of organisms. Show pattern of descent (relatedness), not phenotypic similarity. May or may not be an accurate reflection of evolutionary history. Represents divergence of 2 lineages from a common ancestor. Branches can be rotated about nodes, does not change relationship. Sister taxa: groups of organisms that share an immediate common ancestor (ca) Rooted tree: has 1 branch that represent the most recent common ancestor (mrca) of all taxa on tree. Basal taxon: lineages that diverges early in history of group. Extant species: species currently living, tips of branches.