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01:119:115 Lecture 35: chapter35

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rubysalmon273
15 Feb 2018
School
Rutgers University
Department
Biological Science
Course
01:119:115
Professor
A Keating

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Document Summary

Overview: no two plants are alike: the fanwort, an aquatic weed, demonstrates the great developmental plasticity that is characteristic of plants. The fanwort has feathery underwater leaves and large, flat, floating surface leaves. As a result, no two plants are identical. In addition to plastic structural responses of individual plants to specific environments, plant species have adaptive features that benefit them in their specific environments. For example, cacti have leaves that are reduced as spines and a stem that serves as the primary site of photosynthesis. As a result, grasses make excellent ground cover for preventing erosion. Sturdy, horizontal, underground stems called rhizomes anchor large monocots such as palms and bamboo: the root system helps anchor a plant. Some arise from roots while adventitious roots arise aboveground from stems or even from leaves. Some modified roots provide additional support and anchorage.

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Related Questions

You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below. This assignment will be submitted in the Unit 5 - Submission Assignment lesson in intellipath.

Review the tutorial titled How to Submit the Intellipath Submission Assignment.

Please submit your work to this week’s Intellipath Unit Submission lesson. Click the Upload button within the submission lesson to access the submission area. Click the Select File button to upload your document, and then click "OK" to finish.

Plant Chemical Adaptations

Physical adaptations are one way plants have become well-adapted to specific environmental conditions. For example, cacti have spines in place of leaves to prevent water loss in the arid conditions of the desert, and deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall to survive cold weather conditions over the winter. Chemical adaptations are another means for plant protection. Many plants produce toxic or noxious compounds to protect themselves from insects or animals that would eat them, to reduce competition from other plants, or even to change the response of pollinators. Humans analyze and harvest these compounds for our own benefit.

Read this article on the search for useful plant compounds: Mother Nature’s Medicine Cabinet

Read this article on the less-than-beneficial uses of plant products: Addictive Drugs That Are Actually Pesticides

Choose ONE of the following compounds:

Caffeine

Cocaine

Nicotine

Artemisinin

Answer these four questions:

Describe the compound and in what plant(s) it is found.

Explain how this compound provides protection for the plant.

Does the compound provide any other benefits for the plant, such as enhanced pollination?

What effect does the compound have on humans?

You will create this assignment following the Assignment Detail instructions below. This assignment will be submitted in the Unit 5 - Submission Assignment lesson in intellipath.

Review the tutorial titled How to Submit the Intellipath Submission Assignment.

Please submit your work to this week’s Intellipath Unit Submission lesson. Click the Upload button within the submission lesson to access the submission area. Click the Select File button to upload your document, and then click "OK" to finish.

Plant Chemical Adaptations

Physical adaptations are one way plants have become well-adapted to specific environmental conditions. For example, cacti have spines in place of leaves to prevent water loss in the arid conditions of the desert, and deciduous trees lose their leaves in the fall to survive cold weather conditions over the winter. Chemical adaptations are another means for plant protection. Many plants produce toxic or noxious compounds to protect themselves from insects or animals that would eat them, to reduce competition from other plants, or even to change the response of pollinators. Humans analyze and harvest these compounds for our own benefit.

Read this article on the search for useful plant compounds: Mother Nature’s Medicine Cabinet

Read this article on the less-than-beneficial uses of plant products: Addictive Drugs That Are Actually Pesticides

Choose ONE of the following compounds:

Caffeine

Answer these four questions:

Describe the compound and in what plant(s) it is found.

Explain how this compound provides protection for the plant.

Does the compound provide any other benefits for the plant, such as enhanced pollination?

What effect does the compound have on humans?

Please reword/ rephrase the following in one paragraph thank you

Leaves are determinate structures whose primary function is to produce carbohydrates required for plant growth and development. From a developmental standpoint, leaves are interesting because they display a wide range of genetically and developmentally regulated variation in shape, and because their morphological simplicity and accessibility make them an ideal system for the analysis of basic problems in plant development. Growth control, pattern formation, and cell and tissue differentiation can all be conveniently studied in the context of leaf development. Although many of these problems have yet to be addressed in Arabidopsis, this situation is changing rapidly. This is due in part to the advantages of Arabidopsis for genetic and molecular analysis, but the relatively small size of the Arabidopsis leaf is an equally important advantage of this species because it permits microscopic analysis of an entire leaf at all stages of development.

Like most plants, Arabidopsis exhibits subtle heteroblasty (first described by Röbbelen 1957), in that leaves produced at different stages of shoot development vary in their morphology (Fig. 1). At a gross level, there are two distinct leaf types: rosette leaves and bracts. Rosette leaves are produced early in development and have long petioles and broad blades. Bracts (sometimes referred to as cauline leaves) form at the basal nodes of each branch in the inflorescence and differ from rosette leaves in that they lack petioles and have narrower, more oblong blades.