01:512:104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Continental Army, Suffrage, Early American Currency
16 May 2018
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Chapter 07 - The Creation of the United States
The War for Independence
• Brits had the best army and navy but underestimated Americans
• No center for Brits to capture
The Patriot Forces
• Mostly militia defended
• Short terms of enlistment, undisciplined officers
• However Continental army fought the big battles
• War had to be won with the Continental Army
• Continental army was a rallying symbol
• Women played a big role (would help them get rights later)
The Loyalists
• 1/5th of the people were loyalists
• Went to Canada, Britain and the Caribbean
• Many slaves and Indians were loyalists
• Brits freed slaves-Americans would push aggressively into Indian
territory
• Or conservatives who don't like upheaval
• Loyalists were not united-couldn't help Brit war effort
• Did fight irregular warfare in the south
The Campaign for New York and New Jersey
• Brits tried to cut off New England but failed=boast to shattered American
morale
The Politics of Alliances
• Wanted a weak American dependent on them
• Gave money but reluctant to directly support a republican revolution
• Saratoga convinced France to actively support America
• Would be the first to recognize America
• No peace with Britain without notification of the other
• Spain also enters war-gives supplies from New Orleans
• Spain wanted to take British possessions in Ohio valley-French were to
make sure that Spanish got there before the Americans
• Spanish and French navies meant that Britain had to pull troops out
from New York to protect Caribbean colonies
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Indians and the Revolution
• Iroquois joined the Brits as the Americans would more aggressively take
their land
• Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws also joined Britain
• However one Iroquois tribe supported America=Iroquois vs. Iroquois
The War in the South
• Most important fighting
• War here begun with slave uprising
• Many blacks fought for Britain
• New strategy-lobsters would take control step by step and then give the
land to the loyalists who would run it
• Cornwallis decides to abandon the Carolinas for Yorktown,
Virginia=Carolinas fall back into American control
Yorktown
• French land 5000 troops the north
• French and Americans with French fleet surround Yorktown
• In England, Lord North resigns, King George wants to carryon= end of
the war
The United States Congress Assembled
• Weak central government
• Americans were trying to get rid of a central government in the first
place
The Articles of Confederation
• Wanted a loose union of the states
• Majority of the states was needed for a decision-but nine states were
needed for a major decision
• Federal Government had no power to tax
Financing the War
• States had their own currency
• Continental currency was useless
• Bank of North America-run by Robert Morris-stockpiled gold backed up
new currency=stability
Negotiating the End to the War
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