01:512:103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Adenosine Triphosphate, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mastication

• School: Rutgers University
• Department: American History Courses
• Course: 01:512:103
• Professor: K A T H A R I N E Lee

Document Summary

The cell: cell is basis of human physiology, cells form tissue, tissues for organs, nutrient intake affects how organs function, organs form systems, cell turnover, requires energy, adenosine triphosphate, requires nutrients. Physiology of digestion: gi or alimentary canal, physiological functions of gi tract include, motility, secretion (fluids, enzymes, acids, digestion, absorption, elimination, nutrient production. Digestion: process by which food is broken down into absorbable units, absorption: uptake of nutrients. Step 1: digestion in the mouth: mastication, saliva, releases enzymes help breakdown simple sugars (amylase, produces mucus to lubricate food for easier swallowing, releases lysosomes kill bacteria, dissolves food. Swallowing process: bolus: mass of food that is swallowed, via gravity and peristalsis (wavelike muscular contractions) The stomach- muscles: 3 types of muscles, longitudinal, circular, diagonal. Stomach acid production: stimulated by, gastrin (hormone, stomach distention, thoughts of food (nerve input, eating, prevents autodigestion, stop acid secretion when ph is ~2, thick mucus layer protects stomach lining from acid.