BIOL 11100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Restriction Point, Cytokinesis, Nuclear Membrane
14 Apr 2016
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Cell division - how organisms reproduce and repair themselves. Requires 3 things: 1) replicaion of geneic material 2) accurate segregaion of geneic material: division of cytoplasm. Tumor (ex) melanoma: skin cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. Binary fission: form of asexual reproducion in bacteria (e. coli) Less geneic material than eukaryotes have o o. Replicaion begins at unique site: origin of replicaion o. Replicaion and segregaion are coupled, once thought to be a passive process o. Now known to be an active process: controlled by cells. Also a form of asexual reproducion in single-celled eukaryotes. Single chromaid (1 chromosome) -> replicaion -> 2 chromaids (sill 1 chromosome & more. Centromere: visible constricion- holds (sister) chromaids together o. Kinetochore: proteins at centromere that atach to microtubules during mitosis. Chromosome compacion: chromosomes are too long to it into cell straight so must be folded. Complex with proteins, supercoiled by topoisomerase (enzyme) (chromain: compact o chromosome) o o.
