BIOL 11000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Transfer Rna, Nucleolus

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Composed of small and large protein subunits which have different functions. Small subunit acts like conveyor belt for mrna. Large subunit accepts trna and joins amino acids. Translation trna (transfer rna) carries amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes. Sets of 3 nucleotides on mrna from codons which are complimentary to sets of anticodons on trna. Almost all codons are the same across all organisms so far investigated. Redundancy- more than one codon codes for the same amino acid. One codon never codes for more than one amino acid. Some proteins are modified before being able to function. Protein synthesis always begins with a free ribosome. Ribosome moves based on signal from the growing protein. Signal peptide- segment on the leading end of growing protein that marks it for a particular destination. If signal peptide says protein is made for the ems or secretion. Signal recognition particle (srp) made of proteins and rna recognizes signal peptide.

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