HPS 0612 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Korbinian Brodmann, Alois Alzheimer, Franz Nissl
18 Dec 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Week 7- Disease Criteria Thursday
• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)
– Standard language and criteria for the classification of mental disorders
– Widely used in clinical situations and research
– DSM-5 introduced in 2013
• History of DSM
– Statistical manuals emerge early in 20th century
• Statistical Manual for the Use of Institutions for the Insane (1918)
• Standardization seen as a benefit:
– Facilitates communication
– Enables fast outpatient classification
– Acts as starting point for anatomical investigation
– At the time, Psychiatry was not clearly distinguished from neurology
• Emil Kraepelin
• Alois Alzheimer
• Franz Nissl
• Korbinian Brodmann
– Categories used for classification were presumed to have biological (i.e., genetic
or neurological) bases
– Multiple Approaches Coexist
– The field changes as it approaches midcentury, however
• Psychodynamic theory (Meyer) gains in popularity
– Leading theoretical outlook by 1946, according to the American
Board of Psychiatry
• As a theory, it places the greatest emphasis on experience, especially that
of childhood
• DSM-I (1952)
– Two categories, one dealing with “brain disorders” (e.g. Huntington’s Chorea)
and another with “psychogenic disorders” (e.g. sexual deviation)
• Personality disorders characterized as “developmental defects”
• Alcoholism and drug addiction were classed alongside “sociopathic”
personality disorders
• DSM-II (1968)
– Much the same, but:
• Greater emphasis on “transient” conditions
• Less talk of “reactions”
• Addiction no longer “secondary classification”
• DSM-III (1980)
– Big shake up
• Psychodynamic theory increasingly seen as non-rigorous
– Terms like “neurosis” dropped
• Psychopharmacology
• Cultural Awareness
