PSYCH 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Margaret Floy Washburn, Mary Whiton Calkins, Edward B. Titchener
Document Summary
: aristotle used observation and questioning to understand the body-psyche relationship. Added two key elements to enhance scienti c nature of psychology. Encouraged introspection, reporting on sensations and other elements of experience in reaction to stimuli. Used these introspective reports to build a view of the mind"s structure. Studied human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and asked: Became memory researcher and rst apa female president. Studied with james but discriminated against and denied. Studied with titchener but barred from his experimental psychology organization. Many mental processes are not accessible to consciousness. Methodological problems: training produced biases in responses, ambiguity of some results (different results at different labs) De ned psychology as scienti c study of observable behavior without reference to mental processes. John b. watson (classical conditioning) and b. f. skinner (operant conditioning) dismissed introspection. Watson and rayner conduced famous little albert experiments. Emphasized ways unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior.
