CHEM 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Covalent Bond, Sodium Chloride
Document Summary
Occurs when neither atom wants to completely give up its e- (they share e- to get their noble gas configuration) Atoms interact via single, double, and triple bonds. The distance between the atoms" nuclei is called bond length. The number of covalent bonds between atoms is called bond order. Shorter stronger higher order (more shared pairs) Bond strength- the energy needed to break a covalent bond. Ionic- e- are not shared, but completely transferred. Energy sharing in covalent bonds is dependent upon electronegativity (the ability of an atom to attract e- density) It"s not the same as ea and isn"t directly measurable; it refers to bonded atoms. Electronegativity trends are as follows (pauling scale): A dipole moment is used to measure two atoms" charge separation. The larger the en ( x) difference, the more polar the bond and the greater the dipole moment. When x > 1. 8, the bond is ionic.
