BISC 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Tumor Suppressor Gene, P53, Radiation Therapy

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30 Sep 2018

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Inhibits a cell from moving from the growth phase 1 to s phase if unfavorable conditions. *activated by conditions that caused damage to dna. If dna damage is moderate, p53 tells cell to stop moving into s phase. If dna is severe, p53 stimulates cell to go through apoptosis (cell suicide/death) *cell with abnormal or damaged dna continues to live and survive. Abnormal dna is passed on to the daughter cells. Typically have many mutations in many genes: that"s why it"s so hard to fi(cid:374)d a cure. Abnormal proteins are responsible for the abnormal traits of cancer cells. Cell proliferation over production of cells: pile on top of each other tumor, as tumors grow they can impinge on other tissue, interfering with normal functioning and even causing death. Stimulation of angiogenesis growth of new blood vessels (nutrition) to grow the tumor. Blocking growth factor receptors convince them that there are no growth factors available.

Related Questions

B__1) Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

A) alteration mutations B) passenger mutations C) carrier mutations

D) indirect mutations E) insignificant mutations

_A__2) Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?

A) genomic instability, DNA repair failure, chromatin modifications

B) inversions, operon formation, methylation

C) RNA failure, DNA phosphorylation, phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase

D) transdetermination, mutation, allosteric interactions

E) suppression, tabulation, projection

_A__3) What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

A) cyclin-dependent kinase B) phosphatase C) ATPase D) integrase E) hexokinase

_D__4) A protein functions as a cell-cycle regulator that causes cell death (apoptosis) to a damaged cell. What is the symbol given to this protein?

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

_A__5) The retinoblastoma protein (pRB), like p53, serves as a(n) ________ in regulating the cell cycle.

A) tumor suppressor B) tumor enhancer C) up regulator D) oncogene E) pseudooncogene

_C__6) Mutant versions of genes that are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as ________.

A) tumor suppressors B) proto-oncogenes C) oncogenes D) malignant genes E) attenuators

_B__7) In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

A) one B) two C) four D) six

__D_8) What is the name of the protein that appears to regulate the entry of cells into an S phase? This protein is also known as the "guardian of the genome."

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

BISC 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Tumor Suppressor Gene, P53, Radiation Therapy

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