BIOL 141 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Adipose Tissue, Epb41, Energy Economics
Document Summary
Leptin: stimulated by adipocytes when eating, suppresses appetite and increases metabolism. Nutrients: chemicals supplied to the environment that are required for survival. How is glucose used? (1) cellular fuel (required by neurons) (2) gly(cid:272)oge(cid:374) reserve i(cid:374) (cid:373)us(cid:272)les i(cid:374) liver (3) excess forms fats. Minimize- foods made of refined grains (fiber, vitamins, minerals removed, starch remains) Refined carbohydrates and fructose sweeteners from cornstarch are linked to obesity. Glycemic index: how quickly something increases blood sugar (overload of insulin) Saturated fats: animal based foods (meat, eggs, milk, lard) Hydrolysis during digestion breaks to fatty acids and glycerol which is absorbed into lymph, then blood, and the tissues. Fatty acids beta oxidation to acetyl coenzyme a. Liver uses fatty acids to synthesize triglycerides, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. Lipoproteins: surface of phospholipids, cholesterol and protein around triglyceride core, combine with receptors on target cells. Amino acids are absorbed into blood and distributed to cells (form new proteins and supply energy)
