PSY 3430 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Dsm-5, Waking Hours, Somatic Symptom Disorder
3 Jul 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Thursday, April 12, 2018
Health related and substance use disorders
History
•Ancient Greece"
•Imbalance in body’s basic elements"
•Medieval period"
•Demonic possession"
•19th century"
•Freud"
•20th century"
•Pediatric psychology"
Sleep disorders
•Sleep is primary activity of brain during early years if development"
•A bidirectional relationship exists between sleep problems and psychological issues"
•Sleep disorders can:"
•Cause other psychological problems"
•Result from other disorders"
•Mimic/worsen symptoms of major disorders"
The regulatory functions of sleep
•Sleep is essential for brain development"
•Sleep deprivation impairs functioning of the prefrontal cortex"
•Sleep procedure and “uncoupling” of neurobiological systems"
Maturational changes
•Sleep patterns, needs, and problems change over the course of maturation"
•Infants & toddlers have more night waking problems"
•Preschoolers have more trouble falling asleep"
#1
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Thursday, April 12, 2018
•Younger school aged children have more going to bed problems "
•Adolescents have increased need for sleep, but are often sleep deprived "
Dyssomnias
•Disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep"
•Characterized by difficulty getting enough sleep, not sleeping when one wants to,
not feeling refreshed from sleep"
•May resolve themselves as child matures"
•Are quite common in childhood, w/ the exception of narcolepsy "
•Examples: insomnia, narcolepsy, breathing related sleep Dx"
Parasomnias
•Disorders in which behavioral/physiological events intrude on going to sleep"
•Involve physiological or cognitive arousal at inappropriate times during sleep-wake
cycle"
•Common afflictions of early to mid childhood"
•Examples: nightmares, sleep terrors, sleepwalking"
Treatment
•Behavioral interventions "
•Identify suspected cause if disrupted sleep"
•Goals of behavioral intervention is to: eliminate sleep deprivation & restore more
normal wake routine "
•Prolonged treatment of parasomnias is often not necessary"
•Treatment of nightmares"
•Provide comfort and attempt to reduce daytime stressors"
•Parents of sleepwalkers should take precautions to avoid chances of the child being
injured"
•Brief afternoon naps may be beneficial"
Elimination disorders
#2
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Thursday, April 12, 2018
•Elimination problems can turn into distressing and chronic difficulties"
•Can affect participation in education/social activities "
•2 elimination problems occurring during childhood and adolescence"
•Enuresis"
•Encopresis"
•Children eventually outgrow them"
Enuresis
•Involuntary discharge of urine during day or night"
•2x a week for consistent 3 months or significant distress"
•At least 5 yrs. old"
•3 subtypes"
•Nocturnal only: most common and wetting only occurs during sleep/night time"
•Diurnal only: during waking hours, more common in females"
•May be associated w/ social anxiety"
•Or Combination of nocturnal and diurnal"
Prevalence and course of enuresis"
•Nocturnal 4-13% for kids under 10"
•By age 10 affects 3% boys and 2% of girls"
•Late adolescence declines to 1% boys and less than 1% girls"
•Diurnal enuresis affects 3% of 6 yr. olds"
•Primary enuresis-never attained 6 months of nighttime bladder control"
•Secondary enuresis (less common) - had established control and then relapsed"
Causes and treatments of enuresis"
•Causes include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), immature signaling
mechanism, and genetics"
•Treatments"
#3
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