EARTHSC 1108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Calcite, Hematite, Aragonite
1 Dec 2016
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Minerals with si, o and cations (usually) Recipe: sio4 tetrahedrons +/- cations +/- alo6 octahedrons: si + o anion + hard cation(s) + soft cation(s) You always need more oxygen than silicon. Same simple pieces, many different combinations: single tetrahedron. Pyroxene: sheets of tetrahedra, sheets of octahedra, micas/clays. Silicate tetrahedra in single chains, double chains, sheets, corkscrews, frameworks , and some cations to balance the charges out. Common (regular character: na, mg (olivine, k, ca, fe, al. Less common (guest star: li (spondumene, be (beryl: emerald, aquamarine, rb, ti, zr (zircon, cr, mn (green garnets, b (tourmaline, f (topaz) Atom size: si + o are pretty small, usually surrounded by bigger atoms all in the same area. Allows them to be swapped out they"re all similar sizes and charges. Recipe: oxygen(s) + cation(s: no si in oxides! Xo, x2o and xo2 (structural formula, no actual x element: ice (h2o, rutile (tio2) X2o3: corundum (al2o3) (ruby, sapphire, hematite (fe2o3)
