HIST-UA 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Roundhead, Putney Debates, Bourgeoisie
Document Summary
Science in 500: medieval + ancient, european views = aristote (geocentric) Copernican hypothesis: polish astronomer, heliocentric (against catholic and protestant) Allies of copernicus: tycho brare (overserved stuff) b. Johannes kepler (elliptical orbits, not circular: galileo galilei: telescope, confirmed by the church c. i. Sir issac newton: combined what was done before a. i. Standing on the backs of giants: gravity + motion. Natural rights instead: those who respect the people deserve power. Voltaire: french, did not believe in democracy or equality b. i. Rousseau: swizz, people are born good, gov by general will. Montesquieu: french, used scientific method on the gov b. i. Separation of power: wolstonecraft, english woman, women had reason b. i. Encyclopedia : spread knowledge to challenge ideas, religious tolerance. Prussia (frederick the great: abolished torture, freedom of speech + press, religious tolerance c. i. Austria (joseph ii: consulted despots (diderot, like catherine but worse b. i. Exempt nobles from tax: catherine the great (russia) c. i.
