HSCI 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Monosaccharide, Amylopectin, Amylose
4 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Basic structure is a simple sugar: mono and disaccharides. Complex molecules: multiple monosaccharides, starches and fiber, simple sugars : monosaccharides. Glucose i. ii. iii. iv: supplies energy to cells, maintains blood sugar levels, fuels body cells and energy for brain function, glucose joined to other sugars create disaccharides, starch, or fiber. Fructose: sweetest of all sugars and is naturally found in food. Galactose: part of lactose, rarely seen as a monosaccharide in food v. Disaccharides: sucrose - table sugar - glucose + fructose, fructose - naturally occurring, lactose - milk sugar - glucose + galactose, maltose - glucose + glucose, complex sugars : polysaccharides i. Starch: storage form of energy in plants, amylose vs amylopectin, amylose : straight chain, amylopectin : branched chain ii. Glycogen: storage form of energy in living animals, stored in the skeletal muscle and liver, energy for high energy activity, highly branched for enzyme activity iii. Provides structure to plants, cannot be digested by humans.
