BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Thymidine Triphosphate, The Sequence, Okazaki Fragments

60 views4 pages

skybear452

27 Feb 2018

School

Northeastern University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2301

Professor

Eric J.Stewart

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Adenine (a), guanine (g) = purine: 2 rings. Cytosine ( c), thymine (t) = pyrimidines: 3 rings (uracil) Nucleoside are attached to the molecular of sugar deoxyribose whereas nucleotides have a phosphate group attached. Dna is deoxyribose, rna is ribose . Chemical bonds through which sugar components are through phosphate group is called a phosphodiester bond. Each dna strand has a polarity or a directionality. The 5" phosphate is chemically linked to the 3" oh of the next nucleotide. Antiparallel = the arrangement of the two strands in a double helix. A-t = double bond, g-c = triple bond. We link 5" phosphate to a 3" oh. Hydrogen bonds contribute to holding the strands together along with stacking of base pairs. Each dna strand is used as a template for a new strand. Template = the older strands that are used to make a copy (parental strands) Nucleotides added at 3" ends only of the newly synthesized strand.

Related Questions

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

Respond to each sentance with true or false regarding the replication of DNA:

Complementary base pairing relies on the number of hydrogen bonds that each base can make.

In a single nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar unit.

The antiparallel arrangement of double-stranded DNA is due to the phosphate group being bonded to the 3' carbon on one strand and the 5' carbon on the complementary strand.

The phosphate attached to the 5' carbon of a given nucleotide links to the 3' -OH of the adjacent nucleotide.

The -OH group on the 3' carbon of the sugar unit is the attachment site for the nitrogenous base.

rubyclam664

QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:

A. contain DNA organized by histones.

B. contain usually one, circular chromosome.

C. contain plasmid DNA.

D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus.

QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:

A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine.

B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine.

C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine.

D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil.

QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:

A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule.

B. has a 3' to 5' directionality.

C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose.

D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A.

QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine.

B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not.

C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate.

D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases.

BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Thymidine Triphosphate, The Sequence, Okazaki Fragments

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dna Replication, Sanger Sequencing, Dideoxynucleotide

BIOL 2301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Fluorescent Tag, Cloning, Sanger Sequencing

BIOL 2301 Midterm: Exam 1 study guide

Related Questions