BIOL 1121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chloroquine, Carcinogen, Enzyme
15 Apr 2016
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How genes are transferred to other bacteria. 2 ways to bacteria adapt to changing environments: gene mutaion: change in organism"s own dna, gene transfer: organism acquires dna from another organism. Mutaions can change organism"s phenotype: change in genotype = change in dna sequence bacteria are haploid so change in genotype oten means change in phenotype => change in organism"s properies. Rate of mutaion = probability that a mutaion will be observes in a given gene each ime the cell dives: rate varies between genes, low rate due to repair, basis for combinaion drug theory. Occasionally change back to original state: reversion. Environment selects cells that grow under its condiions: anibioics select for resistant bacteria if present, environment does not cause mutaions, single mutaion rate: 2 is even rarer, doc may use 2 anibioics to reduce resistance. They arise from: base subsituions, removal/addiion of nucleoides, transposable elements.
