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ACCT 1209 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Matching Principle, Historical Cost, Income Statement

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School
Northeastern University
Department
Accounting
Course
ACCT 1209
Professor
O' Kelly( G)

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Document Summary

Buildings and equipment represent deferred expenses that will be used over many years, unlike supplies, which are purchased and then used over a relatively short period. Building and equipment accounts increase when the assets are acquired and decrease when they are sold. However, these assets are also used over time to generate revenue. Thus, a part of their cost should be expensed in the same period (the matching principle). Buildings and equipment depreciate over time as they are used. In accounting, depreciation is an allocation of an asset"s cost over its estimated useful life to the company. To keep track of the asset"s historical cost, the amount that has been used is not subtracted directly from the asset account. Instead, it is accumulated in a new kind of account called a contra account. For property and equipment, the contra-account for the total cost used to date is called accumulated depreciation.

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Related Questions

1. Which of the following identifies the proper order of theaccounting cycle?

A. Analyze, Journalize, Unadjusted Trial Balance

B. Analyze, Post, Unadjusted Trial Balance

C. Journalize, Post, Adjusted Trial Balance

D. Unadjusted Trial Balance, Adjusted Trial Balance, Close

E. Adjusted Trial Balance, Adjustments, Financial Statements

2. Interim financial statements refer to financial reports:

A. That cover less than one year, usually spanning one, three orsix-month periods

B. That are prepared before any adjustments have beenrecorded

C. That show the assets above the liabilities and theliabilities above the equity

D. Where revenues are reported on the income statement when cashis received and expenses are reported when cash is paid

E. Where the adjustment process is used to assign revenues tothe periods in which they are earned and to match expenses withrevenues

3. The accounting principle that requires revenue to be reportedwhen earned is the:

A. Matching principle

B. Revenue recognition principle

C. Time period principle

D. Accrual reporting principle

E. Going-concern principle

4. Adjusting entries:

A. Affect only income statement accounts

B. Affect only balance sheet accounts

C. Affect both income statement and balance sheet accounts

D. Affect only cash flow statement accounts

E. Affect only equity accounts

5. The system of preparing financial statements based onrecognizing revenues when the cash is received and reportingexpenses when the cash is paid is called:

A. Accrual basis accounting

B. Operating cycle accounting

C. Cash basis accounting

D. Revenue recognition accounting

E. Current basis accounting

6. If throughout an accounting period the fees for legalservices paid in advance by clients are recorded in an accountcalled Unearned Legal Fees, the end-of-period adjusting entry torecord the portion of those fees that has been earned is:

A. Debit Cash and credit Legal Fees Earned

B. Debit Cash and credit Unearned Legal Fees

C. Debit Unearned Legal Fees and credit Legal Fees Earned

D. Debit Legal Fees Earned and credit Unearned Legal Fees

E. Debit Unearned Legal Fees and credit Accounts Receivable

7. A company had no office supplies available at the beginningof the year. During the year, the company purchased $250 worth ofoffice supplies. On December 31, $75 worth of office suppliesremained. How much should the company report as office suppliesexpense for the year? A. $75 B. $125 C. $175 D. $250 E. $325 8. OnJanuary 1 a company purchased a five-year insurance policy for$1,800 with coverage starting immediately. If the purchase wasrecorded in the Prepaid Insurance account and the company recordsadjustments only at year-end, the adjusting entry at the end of thefirst year is:

A. Debit Prepaid Insurance, $1,800; credit Cash, $1,800

B. Debit Prepaid Insurance, $1,440; credit Insurance Expense,$1,440

C. Debit Prepaid Insurance, $360; credit Insurance Expense,$360

D. Debit Insurance Expense, $360; credit Prepaid Insurance,$360

E. Debit Insurance Expense, $360; credit Prepaid Insurance,$1,440

9. Unearned revenue is reported on the financial statementsas:

A. A revenue on the balance sheet

B. A liability on the balance sheet

C. An unearned revenue on the income statement

D. An asset on the balance sheet

E. An operating activity on the statement of cash flows

10. Which of the following assets is not depreciated?

A. Store fixtures

B. Computers

C. Land

D. Buildings

E. Vehicles

11. On April 30, 2011, a three-year insurance policy waspurchased for $18,000 with coverage to begin immediately. What isthe amount of insurance expense that would appear on the company'sincome statement for the year ended December 31, 2011? A. $500 B.$4,000 C. $6,000 D. $14,000 E. $18,000 12. Expenses incurred butunpaid that are recorded during the adjusting process with a debitto an expense and a credit to a liability are:

A. Intangible expenses

B. Prepaid expenses

C. Unearned expenses

D. Net expenses

E. Accrued expenses

13 The difference between the cost of an asset and theaccumulated depreciation for that asset is called

A. Depreciation Expense

B. Unearned Depreciation

C. Prepaid Depreciation

D. Depreciation Value

E. Book Value

14. A company purchased a new truck at a cost of $42,000 on July1, 2011. The truck is estimated to have a useful life of 6 yearsand a salvage value of $3,000. How much depreciation expense willbe recorded for the truck for the year ended December 31, 2011?

A. $3,250

B. $3,500

C. $4,000

D. $6,500

E. $7,000

15. A company's Office Supplies account shows a beginningbalance of $600 and an ending balance of $400. If office suppliesexpense for the year is $3,100, what amount of office supplies waspurchased during the period?

A. $2,700

B. $2,900

C. $3,300

D. $3,500

E. $3,700

6. On June 28 Lexicon Corporation acquired 100% of the common stock of Gulf & Eastern. The purchase price allocation included the following items: $5.7 million, patent; $4.7 million, developed technology; $3.7 million, in-process research and development; $6.7 million, goodwill. Lexicon’s policy is to amortize intangible assets using the straight-line method, no residual value, and a five-year useful life.

What is the total amount of expenses (ignoring taxes) that would appear in Lexicon’s income statement for the year ended December 31 related to these items? (Enter your answers in whole dollars.)

Cost Select Amortization expense in current (partial) year
Patent $5,700,000 ? ?
Developed technology 4,700,000 ? ?
In-process research and development 3,700,000 ? ?
Goodwill 6,700,000 ? ?
Total amortization expense - current year ?

7. On January 2, 2018, the Jackson Company purchased equipment to be used in its manufacturing process. The equipment has an estimated life of eight years and an estimated residual value of $56,625. The expenditures made to acquire the asset were as follows:

Purchase price $ 242,000
Freight charges 8,400
Installation charges 12,000


Jackson’s policy is to use the double-declining-balance (DDB) method of depreciation in the early years of the equipment’s life and then switch to straight line halfway through the equipment’s life.

Required:

1. Calculate depreciation for each year of the asset’s eight-year life.

Depreciation for the Period End of Period
Year Beginning of Period Book Value Depreciation Rate Annual Depreciation Accumulated Depreciation Book Value
2018 ? ? % ? ? ?
2019 ? ? % ? ? ?
2020 ? ? % ?
2021 ? ? % ?
2022 ? ?
2023 ?
2024 ?
2025 ?
Total

8. In 2018, internal auditors discovered that PKE Displays, Inc., had debited an expense account for the $369,000 cost of equipment purchased on January 1, 2015. The equipment’s life was expected to be five years with no residual value. Straight-line depreciation is used by PKE.


Required:
1. Prepare the correcting entry assuming the error was discovered in 2018 before the adjusting and closing entries. (Ignore income taxes.)
2. Assume the error was discovered in 2020 after the 2019 financial statements are issued. Prepare the correcting entry.

Prepare the correcting entry assuming the error was discovered in 2018 before the adjusting and closing entries. (Ignore income taxes.) (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)

A fire destroyed your firm’s ending balance sheet and income statement after the year-end
but before the financial statements are released. However, you have been successful in obtaining the
numbers for the beginning balance sheet and the statement of cash flows, which are provided to you and
your team members in Excel format. Fields representing the missing balance sheet and income statement
are End of year2 in the Excel sheet

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (USD $) End of year 2 End of year 1
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 　 598
Receivables, net 　 230
Inventories, net 　 2309
Other current assets 　 47
Total current assets 　 3184
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation 　 1292
Assets held for sale 　 1
Goodwill 　 76
Intangible assets, net 　 29
Other assets, net 　 32
Assets, Total 　 4614
Current liabilities: 　 0
Current portion of long-term debt 　 0
Accounts payable 　 2030
Accrued expenses 　 380
Other current liabilities 　 150
Total current liabilities 　 2560
Long-term debt 　 604
Other long-term liabilities 　 239
Commitments and Contingencies 　 0
Stockholders Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract] 　 0
Preferred stock, nonvoting, $00001 par value 　 0
Common stock, voting, $00001 par value 　 0
Additional paid-in capital 　 520
Treasury stock, at cost 　 -27
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 　 3
Retained earnings 　 715
Total stockholders equity 　 1210
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity, Total 　 4613
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (USD $) 12 Months Ended
In Thousands, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified Year 2
Net sales 　
Cost of sales, including purchasing and warehousing costs 　
Gross profit 　
Selling, general and administrative expenses 　
Operating income 　
Interest expense 　
Other income, net 　
Total other, net 　
Income before provision for income taxes 　
Provision for income taxes 　
Net income 　
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (USD $) 12 Months Ended
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified Year 2
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $392
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 208
Share-based compensation 13
Loss on property and equipment, net 1
Other 2
Provision for deferred income taxes -2
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation -16
Increase Decrease in Operating Capital
Receivables, net -32
Inventories, net -204
Other assets 11
Accounts payable 113
Accrued expenses 63
Other liabilities -4
Net cash provided by operating activities 545
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment -196
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross -186
Sale of certain assets of acquired business 19
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment 1
Net cash used in investing activities -362
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Decrease) increase in bank overdrafts -3
Decrease in financed vendor accounts payable 0
Issuance of senior unsecured notes 449
Payment of debt related costs -9
Borrowings under credit facilities 0
Payments on credit facilities 0
Dividends paid -18
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, primarily exercise of stock options 4
Tax withholdings related to the exercise of stock appreciation rights -22
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation 16
Repurchase of common stock -81
Contingent payment accrued on acquisitions 5
Other -1
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 331
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 514
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 598
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period 1,112
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid 35
Income tax payments 219
Non-cash transactions:
Accrued purchases of property and equipment 21
Retirement of common stock 0
Contingent consideration accrued on acquisitions 0
Changes in other comprehensive income 1
Declared but unpaid cash dividends $4