ANT 251 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Species Problem, Homo Heidelbergensis, Western Europe
Document Summary
11:46 am: homo neandertalensis, lineage, descended from h. heidelbergensis, thought to be h. sapiens neandertalensis, coexisted with humans, dna evidence suggests interbreeding, modern human groups outside of africa have traces of. Neanderthal dna: 99. 7% identical (more than chimps to humans, biological species concept, 2 ind can successfully reproduce and offspring can too = same species, hardly useful bc hardly ever have dna or know about reproduction, ecological species concept. Species are defined by lifestyle: niche, adaptations, etc, more easily found bc of isotopes, bones, remains which give ideas about life, time and location, mainly in e and w europe (200-300 kya) Slightly different lifestyle in each location: hunting with spears but diff animals. Israel (120 kya: caves and rock shelters. Found here due to migration from ice age and migrated back after: anatomical features, cranium. Large brain 1500cc (bigger than human 1400cc: brow ridges. Large, round nasal opening: warmed by body temperature, cold weather adaptation, no chin.
