NUR 409 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Weaning, Human Body Weight, Palliative Care
Document Summary
Mechanical ventilation: maintains ventilation and oxygen delivery for a prolonged period. Purpose: to control the patients respirations during surgery or treatment (sedated, paralyzed), to oxygenate the blood for patients with poor ventilation, and to rest the respiratory muscles. Indications: evidence of respiratory failure or a compromised airway decreased pao2 (<55), increased paco2 (>50), and persistent acidosis: thoracic or abdominal surgery, drug overdose, neuromuscular disorders (decreased. Icp), inhalation injury, copd, multiple trauma, shock, multisystem failure, and coma: apnea, bradypnea, respiratory distress, confusion, increased work of breathing. Classifications of ventilators (machine): 2 types: negative pressure iron lung for neuromuscular disease (polio) treatment (no longer used). Takes over ventilation on the exterior of the body: positive pressure most common. Exert positive pressure on the airway (pushing air in), which force alveoli to expand during inspiration, and expiration occurs passively. Classified by the method of ending the inspiratory phase of respiration (when volume is met, or when pressure is reached in the intrathoracic cavity):
