C_S_D 4030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Donepezil, Frontotemporal Dementia, Thalamus
18 May 2016
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Communication in Dementia:
Conditions affecting communication abilities in elderly patients
oDepression
oLoss (death of spouse or other family)
oRetirement
oReduced stimulation & social interaction
oUnfamiliar environment
oMoving (independent, assisted, dependent, etc)
oMedications
oReduced hearing and visual abilities
oDentures (lost or not fitting)
oOther physical conditions
Pain & fatigue
Dementia (general)
oGenerally: progressive degeneration of mental functions
oTypes: based on etiology and localization
Subcortical
Cortical
Mixed
oDiagnosis: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV;
American Psychiatric Association, 1994)
evidence of short- and long-term memory impairment, AND
at least one of the following: impaired abstract thinking, judgment,
constructional abilities, language, praxis, visual recognition, personality
change
oImpact on personality & emotions, employment, and social functioning
Dementia: Subcortical
oParkinson’s disease
Although motor impairment, eventual cognitive impairments
oHuntington’s disease
Hereditary/genetic condition
Primarily motor impairments
Cognitive, personality, and irritability symptoms increase over 10 yr.
period
Dementia: Subcortical (cont.)
oProgressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)
Mean onset age 50’s- 70’s
Death 5-7 yrs
oHIV Encephalopathy (Dementia Complex)
Damage to subcortical white matter
Motor symptoms
Impaired memory & visual-spatial abilities
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Document Summary
Dementia (general: generally: progressive degeneration of mental functions, types: based on etiology and localization. Mixed: diagnosis: diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv; Although motor impairment, eventual cognitive impairments: huntington"s disease. Cognitive, personality, and irritability symptoms increase over 10 yr. period. Dementia: subcortical (cont. : progressive supranuclear palsy (psp) Death 5-7 yrs: hiv encephalopathy (dementia complex) Dementia: cortical: pick"s disease & pick"s complex (frontal lobe dementia) abnormal formations (pick bodies) in cytoplasm (around neurons) Better memory and orientation than ad: primary progressive aphasia slow onset aphasia symptoms without initial cognitive decline. Impaired word retrieval, then comprehension and cognitive decline: alzheimer"s disease (ad) Dsm-iv gradual onset and progression of cognitive deficits not attributed to other central nervous system conditions. Neuritic (senile) plaques- extracellular, granular deposits caused by neural degeneration. Granulovacuolar degeneration- fluid filled cavities in neurons. Reduced ability to remember what they want to say or what others have said to them.
