FI 393 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Valuation Using Multiples, Cash Flow, Capital Structure

[I need DETAILED FORMULAS on how each value is being calculated for this question] Please help.

A Company wants to determine its value multiple. They are estimating a 3 year high-growth period with a starting sales level of $1,250, EBIT of $500, depreciation of $75, tax rate of 35%, and capitalinvested of $700. During the high-growth period, the firm will have a reinvestment rate of 65% and a cost of capital of 9.0%. After the high-growth period, the growth rate will be 3%.

a) Using this information, determine the enterprise value for the company, as well as EV/EBITDA, EV/Cap investment and EV/Sales.
b) What would the impact to the valuations if the tax rate were 40% and the reinvestment rate during the high-growth period was 70%?

F1 Q19-Q20

Please show workings/give explanations

Note: Questions 11 – 20 are based on the same mega problem. For convenience we have included the entire set of information in every question. For purposes of the questions that follow, assume that changes in working capital are negligible and capex and depreciation are of the same magnitude and therefore cancel each other. This is the assumption we made in most of the videos to focus on valuation effects of borrowing and taxes and to figure out the key differences between alternative valuation methods.

Q19) You are planning on opening a consulting firm. You have projected an EBIT of $2 million starting next year (t = 1) with a growth rate of 3% over the foreseeable future thereafter. This endeavor will require a substantial investment and you will have to convince investors to provide you the capital to do so. You will invest some of your own money, convincing other investors will of course be useful for your valuing your own investment decision. A critical piece of your analysis is figuring out the present value of the cash flows of the business. Your research has revealed the following information: similar consulting businesses equity has an average beta of 2.40 and the average debt-to-equity ratio in this industry is close to zero. The risk-free rate is 3.20% and the expected market risk premium (the average difference between the market return and the risk-free rate) is 4.50%. The corporate tax rate is 35% and interest payments on debt are tax deductible. Soon thereafter your hearing about your new business, your bank is willing to extend you long-term loan/debt in perpetuity of $3.50M as long as you can pay an interest rate of 8%. Realizing that the chances of bankruptcy are negligible with this amount of ongoing debt on your balance sheet, and the riskiness of the tax shield of debt is the same as the riskiness of debt, you decide to take on $3.50M of debt in perpetuity. Given this decision, you want to consider the Multiples Approach to Valuation as a double-check for your detailed Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) based analyses. Fortunately, there have been several market transactions in this business environment, but you want to choose the most optimal multiple to use given your decision to use a capital structure that is different from the competition where virtually no debt is used. The best multiple to use will be:

a) Either P/E or EBITDA multiple is suitable for your situation.

b) Neither P/E nor EBITDA multiple is suitable for your situation.

c) EBITDA multiple.

d) P/E multiple.

Q20) You are planning on opening a consulting firm. You have projected an EBIT of $2 million starting next year (t = 1) with a growth rate of 3% over the foreseeable future thereafter. This endeavor will require a substantial investment and you will have to convince investors to provide you the capital to do so. You will invest some of your own money, convincing other investors will of course be useful for your valuing your own investment decision. A critical piece of your analysis is figuring out the present value of the cash flows of the business. Your research has revealed the following information: similar consulting businesses equity has an average beta of 2.40 and the average debt-to-equity ratio in this industry is close to zero. The risk-free rate is 3.20% and the expected market risk premium (the average difference between the market return and the risk-free rate) is 4.50%. The corporate tax rate is 35% and interest payments on debt are tax deductible. Soon thereafter your hearing about your new business, your bank is willing to extend you long-term loan/debt in perpetuity of $3.50M as long as you can pay an interest rate of 8%. Realizing that the chances of bankruptcy are negligible with this amount of ongoing debt on your balance sheet, and the riskiness of the tax shield of debt is the same as the riskiness of debt, you decide to take on $3.50M of debt in perpetuity.The government however is seriously contemplating removing the tax subsidy to debt, that is, the deductibility of interest but not dividends from earnings before taxes are calculated. Given this information, and assuming that costs of bankruptcy are likely to be negligible, you should:

a) Change your capital structure and lower your debt.

b) Not worry about your capital structure and focus on the value drivers of your business.

c) Keep your capital structure unchanged because all your previous analysis will remain valid.

a. Parry Electronics is a regional electronics wholesales and distributor that earned $1,250,000 in EBITDA this year based on revenues of $4,000,000. The enterprise values of publicly traded firms that operate in the same industry currently are valued at five to six times their current EBITDA. What is your estimate of the enterprise value of Parry Electronics? If Parry is small relative to the size of the comparison firms, with assets only one-tenth the size of the largest firm in the industry, how would this influence your valuation estimate? Explain.

b. Suppose we have two companies, A and B, that produce identical products using slightly different production processes. THe process used by company A requires more capital equipment, which is already paid for, and can produce the product as lower per-unit costs. Now assume that you have been asked to value company B, which is privately held, and that you want to use company A, which is publicly traded, as the basis for your evaluation. Discuss how differences in the production processees of these firms affect both their multiples and discount rates.

c. In the tech sector, the price of an IPO is often stated as a multiple of its sales, which is then compared to the price/sales ratio of comparable firms. Why do you think that analysts use price/sales ratios in this setting rather than price/earnings ratios?