THEO 295 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Tariqa, Shia Islam, Mihna
Document Summary
The new caliphate (632-661) - the rightly guided caliphs. Civil wars - the rise of factions. The challenge from christian and non-muslim communities. The role of a sinner - al-dunya and al-akhira. Whatever good befalls you, it is from allah; and whatever evil befalls you, it is from yourself. [4:79] Whoever will, let him believe, and whoever will, let him disbelieve. [18;29] They will not heed unless allah [see sakai] Originally were partisans of ali and then revolted against him. Main doctrine: a muslim who sins is no longer a believer (a grave sinner) They argued that only god can determine whether a grave sinner goes to heaven or hell. Therefore, they deferred judgment on the sinner. Fence sinners - sitting on the fence, avoiding taking sides. They also deferred judgment on uthman, ali, and muawiyya. Most kharijites supported the idea of free-will. Opposed the umayyad leadership and their determinism.
