BIOL 1202 Lecture : Bio 1202 Notes
Document Summary
Genomic organization: prokaryotic chromosome (circular dna found in the nucleoid region, not within a nucleus, plasmid ( smaller circular dna rings, additional genes not always necessary for basic survival, e. g. , antibiotic resistance. Reproduction: prokaryotes reproduce quickly by binary fission, can divide every 1-3 hours, form of asexual reproduction, produces genetically identical daughter cells. Genetic exchange: bacterial conjugation, transfer of genetic material between two bacteria, not necessarily the same species (horizontal gene transfer, plasmids are usually transmitted from donor through a sex pilus. Transformation and transduction: transformation, uptake of foreign dna from the environment, transduction, viruses carry bacterial dna from one host cell to another. A: engage in chemosynthesis (*conversion of biological molecules into nutrients that a cell can use) Metabolic cooperation: cooperation between prokaryotes allows them to use resources they could not use individually, the cyanobacterium anabaena, photosynthetic cells, nitrogen-fixing cells (heterocytes) Nitrogen metabolism: some prokaryotes can metabolize nitrogen. In nitrogen fixation, bacteria convert n2 (nitrogen gas) to nh3 (ammonia)
