BIOL 1202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Allele Frequency, Gene Pool, Population Genetics

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4 Sep 2018

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Evolution and population: remember that evolution is the change in gene frequencies in the population, population is a localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species. Populations are the smallest relevant evolutionary unit: individuals don"t evolve, evolution measured by change in population, evolution acts only on heritable traits (can"t pass it on if it isn"t apart of the gamete) Populations show variations: some variation is the result of heritable changes (mutation and/or genetic recombination) and some variations is nonheritable (see fig 23. 3) (impossible to have a generation with no variation. Variation between populations: population of the same organism can show variations. The variation between populations can be discrete or continual. (have to be in the same place while reproduction is going on) Frequently continual variation in a population will exist as a cline (see fig 23. 5) -- cline is a graded variation in a trait that parallels a gradient in the environment.

Related Questions

1. How do bacteria acquire genetic variation and how does thatdiffer from the mechanism by which humans acquire variation?

2. Be able to explain why the following statement is true:Natural Selection works on individuals while evolution works onpopulations over generations. Or to put it another way: Individualsdo not evolve, populations do.

3. How can evolution explain the formation of complex structuressuch as the eye or the flagella motor?

4. What causes variation in a species? To put this another way:all humans have the same genes, yet we do not look alike. What isthe reason for the phenotypic differences between individuals ofthe same species? What is genetic recombination?

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7/ Be able to explain why the following statement is true:Natural Selection works on individuals while evolution works onpopulations over generations. Or to put it another way: Individualsdo not evolve, populations do.

8/ How can evolution explain the formation of complex structuressuch as the eye or the flagella motor?

9/ What causes variation in a species? To putthis another way: all humans have the same genes, yet we do notlook alike. What is the reason for thephenotypicdifferences between individuals of thesame species? What is genetic recombination?

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1/ What is the difference between the different patterns ofselection: directional, stabilizing, anddiversifying?

2/ How do bacteria acquire genetic variation and how does thatdiffer from the mechanism by which humans acquire variation?

3/ What were the key observations made by Darwin to develop thebasic tenants of the theory of evolution? Has thistheory been tested?

4/ What are the most common misconceptionsabout evolution and why are they not valid arguments againstevolution?

5/ The key component of the theory of evolution isnatural selection. Define this process. Why is itcommonly known as âsurvival of the fittestâ? What are examples offactors (selective pressures) that drive evolutionof populations?

6/ What is the indirect evidence of evolution? What arehomologous and analogousstructures? What is convergent evolution?How does similarity of proteins between different species supportthe idea of evolution?

8/ How can evolution explain theformation of complex structures such as the eye or the flagellamotor?

9/ What causes variation in a species? To putthis another way: all humans have the same genes, yet we do notlook alike. What is the reason for the phenotypicdifferences between individuals of the same species? What isgenetic recombination?

10/ What are the dangers of small populations of a species froma genetic and evolutionary standpoint? What is thebottleneck effect?

11. How does speciation occur? What is theimportance of geographic isolation? How is thisillustrated in the Galapagos?

12. What is Darwinian Medicine and how does ithelp us better understand medical conditions?

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BIOL 1202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Allele Frequency, Gene Pool, Population Genetics

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